Adhesion Forces in Solution

• Van der Waals force:

• FV = - A132 dp / (12 x2)

• Electrostatic double-layer force [1]:

• Total adhesion force:

• FT = FV + Fe

DLVO Forces, dyne

(Assuming spherical particle and smooth wafer surface)

[1]. Hogg et al., Trans. Farady Soc., 62, p 1638, 1966

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